National Center for Seismology. Scientists have used earthquake waves to figure out the internal structure of the Earth. Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) is to encourage design and building practices that address the earthquake hazard and minimize the resulting risk of damage and injury. The earthquake zoning map of India divides India into 4 seismic zones Based on the observations of the affected area due to Earthquake india divided into four types of zones: Zone - II: This is said to be the least active seismic zone. These are confined to areas of volcanoes and pacific ring of fire is best example of these types of earthquakes. • Earthquake may have caused partial collapse, but building remainder may be The most common are tectonic earthquakes. A PDF Guide to Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes is also available. Earthquakes are always linked with death and destruction. Larger earthquakes tend to shake longer and harder and therefore cause more damage to structures1. Blind thrust earthquake, an earthquake which occurs along a thrust fault that does not show signs on the Earth's surface. To play this as an embedded video from within the PowerPoint file, you must download the video wmv file and save it in the same folder as the PowerPoint file. earthquake (M7.0, 200,000 dead) and the 2010 Chile earthquake (M8.8, around 1,000 dead). The surface of the Earth is made up of tectonic plates that lie beneath both the land and oceans of our planet. a. Ask the class what relationship exists between faulting and earthquakes. Earthquake waves, more commonly known as seismic waves, are vibrations generated by an earthquake and propagated within Earth or along its surface. Demonstrate the types of faults with hand movements. 40. ... to types of faulting. modeling earthquake shear sources taking into account Vp ~ 3 Vs. Also, the periods of S-waves are longer, at least by a factor of 3, than those of P-waves due to differences in wave propagation velocity. A. Aftershock, a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock; B. The other type of earthquake is the artificial or man-made quake. We have already seen the types of volcanoes. For better understanding of all the possibilities of earthquake risk reduction, it is important to classify them in terms of the role that each one of them could play. Seismic activity can happen deep in the earth or closer to the surface. During an Earthquake high amount of energy is applied to the structure. This paper investigates types of dampers and their performance during earthquake. Tectonic Earthquakes: Tectonic Earthquakes are most common and generated due to folding, faulting plate movement. EARTH’S INTERIOR 41. This type of quake has been felt all over the world after the detonation of a nuclear weapon. Therefore, in the pre-earthquake phase, preparedness, mitigation and prevention It is this property of S waves that led seismologists to conclude that the Earth's outer core is … The type of earthquake depends on the region where it occurs and the geological make-up of that region. The deepest earthquakes occur at subduction zones, Crustal earthquakes are expected on the Seattle Fault Zone, which is the primary but not only source for this type of quake in Seattle. 6. distance relative to the other earthquake types. I will perform the movements with my hands and I want you to follow along with me. Current World Environment Vol. Vibration effects on Structures Structures are subjected to Two types of Loads rocks that have broken. Widespread rockfalls also are caused by loos-ening of … Damper is basically a device which dissipate kinetic energy. College of Engineering Mysore-570 006 E mail : chandu_gpc@yahoo.com Mobile: 094482 46425. Instruct students to use their reference sheet and simulate each type of fault with the 3-D fault blocks, emphasizing the relative motions of the footwall and hanging wall. Tectonic Earthquakes Most earthquakes occur at plate margins due to tension, compression or shearing forces. 10(Special Issue 1), 1002-1015 (2015) Types of Dampers and their Seismic Performance During an Earthquake ALIREZA HEYSAMI Master Student of Structure, Jahad Daneshgahi Khuzestan University, Ahwaz, Iran. An example of a crustal earthquake is the magnitude (M)6.2 Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake that occurred in 2011. to produce a fault. Also, they have investigated the tall buildings in the world and satisfactory level of damper performance has been studied. The National Center for Seismology, Ministry of Earth Sciences is a nodal agency of the Government of India dealing with various activities in the fields of seismology and allied disciplines. Box 26.1 EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS ON STRUCTURES Dr. G. P. Chandradhara Professor of Civil Engineering S. J. Surface Waves The second general type of earthquake wave is called surface wave, because its motion is restricted to near the ground surface. 0705 1 Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Email: okd@eng.hokudai.ac.jp 2 Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan Email: tki@eng.hokudai.ac.jp CLASSIFICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL TYPES AND DAMAGE PATTERNS OF BUILDINGS FOR EARTHQUAKE FIELD INVESTIGATION Shigeyuki OKADA1 And Nobuo TAKAI2 … 7.5 160 million tons Landers, CA Quake, 1992 8.0 1 billion tons San Francisco, CA Quake, 1906 8.5 5 billion tons Anchorage, AK Quake, 1964 9.0 32 billion tons Chilean Quake, 1960 10.0 1 trillion tons (San-Andreas type fault circling Earth) In case of other buildings, detailed analysis of earthquake forces will be necessary. Is there anything good at all about earthquakes? Types of analysis: Linear static, linear dynamic and non linear static Paulo B. Lourenço 27| Seismic pushover analysis simulates the evolution of the condition of structures during earthquakes, through application of incremental horizontal forces until collapse Assumptions of box behaviour and in-plane response are considered ; C. Cryoseism, a seismic event that may be caused by a sudden cracking action in frozen soil or rock saturated with water or ice 39. This energy are in the form of kinetic or strain energy. Volcanic Earthquakes: Earthquake associated with volcanic activity are called volcanic earthquake. The movements of these plates can build mountains or cause volcanoes to erupt. Reported damage fi gures for these last two earthquakes runs in the billions of dollars. • Normal and reverse faults are types of dip-slip faults. Some basic terminology STRIKE – a horizontal line along the direction of a fault plane. A fault is a crack in rock ... 3. Types of earthquakes. This guide is an outline of the Plate Tectonic and Earthquake Seismology PowerPoint Presentations. earthquake. And the results show that no only dampers have an acceptable seismic behavior against lateral forces such as wind and earthquake forces. But, what is an earthquake? The rippling effect is what causes the rapid and violent vibration of the earth surface – earthquake, shaking and tearing everything on it including the … Down movement (Normal faulting) – Right now I will demonstrate down movement. Publication of this document, which is a companion guide to the 2009 edition … earthquake with expected after-shock, windstorm, etc.). It is a type of Active Control Device for Earthquake … Page2-Fault Types Information about the following: Normal - Thrust Recommendations regarding restrictions on openings, provision of steel in various horizontal bands and vertical steel at corners and junctions earthquake resistance of buildings of conventional types. There are many different types of earthquakes: tectonic, volcanic, and explosion. • Faults can be identified by the offset of rock layers on either side of the fault surface. The second type of body wave is the S wave or secondary wave, which is the second wave you feel in an earthquake. The guide contains links to TOTLE Introduction to Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes teaching resources and a table of contents of teaching resources on this topic. Instructional Materials 5 Faults & Earthquakes • Earthquakes represent the vibration of Earth because of movements on faults. Earthquake Resistant Design Philosophy Building should resist minor earthquakes (