(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Date of the Battle of Wakefield: 30th December1460, Lancastrians view Sandal Castle: Battle of Wakefield on 30th December 1460 in the Wars of the Roses, Place of the Battle of Wakefield:   At Sandal Castle, across the River Calder from Wakefield, in Southern Yorkshire, Combatants at the Battle of Northampton: Lancastrians against the Yorkists, Richard, Duke of York: Battle of Wakefield on 30th December 1460 in the Wars of the Roses. The battle of Wakefield (30 December 1460) was a major Lancastrian victory that resulted in the death of Richard, duke of York, his son Edmund of Rutland and one of his most important followers, Richard Neville, earl of Salisbury. The Battle of Wakefield is one of the bloodiest chapters in the city's history, and the scene of an estimated 3,000 deaths - but is perhaps best remembered as the inspiration for a popular children's nursery rhyme. Among the prominent Yorkists killed in the Battle of Wakefield were Sir Thomas Harrington, Sir David Hall, Sir Hugh Hastings, Sir Thomas Nevil, Sir John Mortimer and Sir Hugh Mortimer. The Yorkist army marched out and attacked the Lancastrian troops in the immediate vicinity of the castle. The captured Earl of Salisbury was taken to Pontefract Castle by the Lancastrians and executed. Haigh, P. A. The critical moment came when the Earl of Clifford brought the main body of Lancastrian troops up from Sandal Common, where they were encamped and attacked the Yorkists. Other desperate troops broke north for the shelter of the city, only to be cut down in the bottle-neck killing field enclosed by a loop of the River Calder, now known as Fall Ings. The Battle of Wakefield (1460) was a calculated attempt by the Lancastrians to eliminate Richard, Duke of York. The Battle of Wakefield is particularly remembered for the incident in which the Earl of Rutland, was killed by the Earl of Clifford, purportedly in revenge for the death of Clifford’s father at the First Battle of St Albans. …the Roses occurred in Yorkshire: Wakefield (1460), in which Richard, 3rd duke of York, was slain, and Towton (1461), which saw the decisive defeat of the Lancastrians by the Yorkists. If you are too busy to read the site, why not download a podcast of an individual battle and listen on the move! Camden Society) it was over. During a brief festive truce, the Duke granted a commission of array to one of his in-laws, John, Lord Neville, to recruit on his behalf; he may also have received a pledge of support from an erstwhile Yorkist ally Sir Andrew Trollope, a veteran commander in Calais. Your email address will not be published. The Lancastrian army advanced south and released Henry at the Second Battle of St Albans but failed to occupy London and subsequently retreated to the north. April / May 2021 is out now Then, with York’s army fully engaged, their enemies’ carefully-laid battle-plan was revealed: John Neville’s contingent entered the fray – on the Lancastrian side. Among the captured Yorkists was the Earl of Salisbury. The castle was besieged by General Poyntz and bombarded into submission in October 1645. The Lancastrians occupied Sandal Castle, left by the emerging Yorkists without a garrison. Helen Cox takes us on a battlefield tour of Wakefield. From then on, the Yorkists were facing defeat. He was either killed in battle or captured … He returned a year later and attempted to claim the throne from Henry VI. Her supporters duly harassed the Duke’s northern estates to draw him away from his power-base in London, and around 21 December, an opening skirmish was fought at Worksop between outriders of the armies converging on Yorkshire. Their immediate entourage comprised mounted men-at-arms, in armour and armed with sword, lance and shield, although often fighting on foot. Panic spread through the Yorkist ranks, leading to a final collapse. After capturing Henry at Northampton, Richard of York forced the king to transfer the right of succession to him (and his heirs) via an Act of Settlement in October 1460. The Yorkist wards may have been led by their three senior peers, the Duke himself, his second son Edmund, Earl of Rutland, and their ally Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury. Uniforms, arms and equipment at the Battle of Wakefield:  The male commanders and their noble supporters and knights rode to battle on horseback, in armour, with sword, lance and shield. This gave us an amazing 20 different battles to play out using the same rules system, of which seven come specifically from the Wars of the Roses period. The wealthier English and Welsh nobles were able to recruit companies of disciplined armed retainers from these veterans, forming the backbone of their field armies. It comes with a full 12 page rule set and a sheet of counters and is a single pitched battle between Yorkist and Lancastrian forces in 14 60 during the Wars of the Roses. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); © 2021 Current Publishing. Shakespeare portrays the death of the Earl of Rutland in ‘King Henry VI’ Act I, Scene 3. Just beyond is Fall Ings, the site of the main Yorkist rout, and, finally, ahead on the right, the bridge and Chantry Chapel of St Mary the Virgin, where Edmund of Rutland is popularly thought to have died. Part of the Lancastrian army was immediately outside the castle. It is said that one, Anthony Trollope, joined the Sandal Castle garrison and persuaded the Yorkists to march out, Trollope having secretly changed sides to the Lancastrians. The Battle of Wakefield has been given prominence through the death of the Yorkist leader, Richard, Duke of York and the murder of his young son, the Earl of Rutland. Background. The battle was of course part of what has come to be known as the Wars of the Roses, and resulted in a devastating defeat for the Yorkist’s Follow-up to the Battle of Wakefield:  The most notable casualties of the battle were the Duke of York, the leader of the Yorkist cause and a pressing aspirant to the Throne of England and his young son, Edmund, Earl of Rutland. This film shows Sandal Castle & the battlefield of the 30 December 1460 Battle of Wakefield as they are today. Subscribe  |  Renew  |  Newsletter. 1460 saw some dramatic fluctuations in the fortunes of the house of York. Posted on June 6, 2016 by JuliaH. Both armies relied upon strong forces of longbowmen. From the castle’s keep you will see to the south a stretch of open fields, which in the 15th century contained 30 acres of stoutly-fenced deer-park where Yorkist troops may have hunted in the run-up to battle. Walking on towards Wakefield you pass the Portobello estate, where human bones and weapon fragments (all since lost) were unearthed in the 19th century. The fight did not last long. Artillery, although widely used in warfare, was heavy, cumbersome and difficult to move and fire. Quickly surrounded Richard’s army was annihilated. This was not a sensible manoeuvre and it certainly didn’t have popular acclaim. Map of the Battle of Wakefield on 30th December 1460 in the Wars of the Roses: map by John Fawkes, Battle of Wakefield on 30th December 1460 in the Wars of the Roses, The question posed in relation to the 1460 Battle of Wakefield is ‘Why did the Duke of York leave Sandal Castle to fight a more numerous Lancastrian army?’. All rights reserved. The Yorkists spent Christmas 1460 at Sandal Castle near Wakefield with an estimated 5,000 to 6,000 men, and the Lancastrians, with perhaps twice that number, nine miles away at Pontefract Castle. Clifford caught Rutland and his tutor about to cross the bridge into Wakefield and killed Rutland. King Henry VI’s wife, Queen Margaret of Anjou, reacted angrily to this dispossessing of her son, the Prince of Wales and began assembling a Lancastrian army in the North of England. In the autumn of 1460, the Duke of York hurried north from London, with his closest supporters and a small army of some 5,000 men. Looking north-west, you can trace the line of the Calder running towards Wakefield, and see the ‘island’ of Fall Ings just south of the city – on a clear day you may also spot the chantry chapel on the Medieval bridge. In spite of this advice, the Duke of York was determined to sally out and attack the Lancastrian army. The battlefield survived largely unchanged until the 18th century, but is now almost completely obliterated by urban development. With panic and disorder sown in the Yorkist ranks, battle proper was joined. This article featured in the January 2011 issue of Military History Matters. The Battle of Wakefield took place in Sandal Magna near Wakefield in northern England, on 30 December 1460.It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses.The opposing forces were an army led by nobles loyal to the captive King Henry VI of the House of Lancaster and his Queen Margaret of Anjou on one side, and the army of Richard, Duke of York, the rival claimant to the throne, on the other. Others, including Shakespeare, have York captured and subject to a mocking coronation by Queen Margaret and Clifford, a paper crown placed on York’s head, before having him executed. Battle of Monongahela 1755 – Braddock’s Defeat, Battle of Kabul and the retreat to Gandamak, Gallipoli Part I : Naval Attack on the Dardanelles, Gallipoli Part II: Land attack on Gallipoli Peninsular, Gallipoli Part III: ANZAC landing on 25th April 1915, Gallipoli Part IV: First landings at Cape Helles and Y Beach on 25th April 1915, Battle of Jutland Part I: Opposing fleets, Battle of Jutland Part II: Opening Battle Cruiser action on 31st May 1916, Battle of Jutland Part III: Clash between British and German Battle Fleets during the evening 31st May 1916, Battle of Jutland Part IV: Night Action 31st May to 1st June 1916, Battle of Jutland Part V: Casualties and Aftermath, General Braddock’s Defeat on the Monongahela in 1755 I, Gallipoli Part I: Naval Attack on the Dardanelles, Gallipoli Part II: Genesis of the land attack on the Gallipoli Peninsula. York had only to sit tight in Sandal Castle, to force the Lancastrians into a humiliating withdrawal or face probable defeat on March’s arrival. And half a mile north-east of the castle, a green field bounded by trees marks the site of York’s demise – of which you’ll get a better view on foot. In the subsequent skirmish his forces were massacred and both the Duke and his second eldest son were killed. Winner of the Battle of Wakefield:  Queen Margaret and her Lancastrian army resoundingly defeated the Yorkists, killing the Duke of York and many of his senior subordinates. Anecdotes and traditions from the Battle of Wakefield: Battlefield Walks in Yorkshire by David Clark. The Duke of York was wounded several times and lost control of his army. The Battle of Wakefield is a full/stand alone game that comes included in issue #31 of C3i M agazine from RBM Studios. It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses . On Tuesday, 30 December 1460, the Lancastrians marched to Wakefield and deployed on a low hill just south of the city, separated from Sandal Castle by a mile of arable fields and rough common. The Duke of York inspired his men to fight with great ferocity and initially the Lancastrians were driven back in disorder. Many of the fleeing Yorkists were killed in Bridge Street, Wakefield, leading to the road being nicknamed ‘. As the Yorkist army burst out of Sandal Castle and attacked the Lancastrians assembled outside, the Earl of Rutland, aged seventeen years, was taken by his tutor towards Wakefield in an attempt to escape. But the Lancastrians were in greater numbers than the Yorkists and more of Queen Margaret’s army appeared from the woods and hills around Sandal Castle. Others believe the Earl’s flight took him further north along Kirkgate into the city proper, and that he was killed near a building called the Six Chimneys. The falcon in the emblem was shown attempting to force a lock, being symbolic of York’s attempts to acquire the English Crown. Great Britain--History--Wars of the Roses, 1455-1485--Campaigns; Closely Matching Concepts from Other Schemes. In December, Lancastrian forces won a decisive victory at Wakefield which resulted in the deaths of York and Salisbury. Casualties at the Battle of Wakefield:  2,900 Yorkist soldiers were killed and most of the rest of the Duke of York’s army taken prisoner. Clifford’s troops surrounded the dwindling Yorkist army and captured the survivors, including the wounded Duke of York. The Lancastrians were taken by surprise by the attack. Hostilities may have begun when, on a pre-arranged signal, several hundred of Trollope’s men launched a surprise attack on their supposed allies. The Battle of Wakefield: 1460 October 14, 2014 8 mins read It was the culmination of ten years of increasingly violent unrest between supporters … It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses. The Battle of Wakefield was fought at Sandal Magna near Wakefield, in Yorkshire and was a decisive battle in the civil war known as the Wars of the Roses. Facing them were Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset; James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire; John, Lord Clifford of Craven; and numerous other magnates including Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland, and Henry Holland, Duke of Exeter (York’s embittered son-in-law). The few Yorkist troops not taken by the Lancastrians fled into the countryside and the battle was over. There is no indication that artillery was used at the Battle of Wakefield. What path led him to Wakefield? The Battle of Wakefield. Murder of the Earl of Rutland by Lord Clifford, at the Battle of Wakefield on 30th December 1460 in the Wars of the Roses: picture by Charles Robert Leslie, The previous battle in the Wars of the Roses is the Battle of Northampton, The next battle in the Wars of the Roses is the Battle of Mortimer’s Cross. The murder has been the subject of several paintings. As soon as York’s army descended onto the plain, the Lancastrian forces closed in from all sides. The Battle of Wakefield took place in Sandal Magna near Wakefield, in West Yorkshire in Northern England, on 30 December 1460. document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a99f900fe4c4bc1345ae628bc52613c4" );document.getElementById("ba40367dff").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Military History Matters magazine Map of the Battle Of Wakefield, 30th December 1460 – War of the Roses, Don McCullin: The Battle of Hue, February 1968, MHM Competition: April/May [Competition Closed]. By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. It is said that Queen Margaret sent the Duke of York a number of insulting messages, saying that he was too cowardly to come out of his castle and give battle to an army led by a woman. Turning left from Manygates Lane onto the A61 Barnsley Road takes you gently uphill to the Lancastrian opening position, corresponding with the present Bromley Mount. It resulted in the death of the Yorkist claimant to the throne, Richard of York, and several other Yorkist leaders, as well as the destruction of the Yorkist army. It's one you've all been waiting for - a battle of the Wars of the Roses. Why did he rebel against the Lancastrian King? Solved: Why did the Battle of Wakefield happen? Death of the Duke of York at the Battle of Wakefield on 30th December 1460 in the Wars of the Roses. From Wakefield to Towton – The Wars of the Roses. York reached his manor of Sandal, on the south side of the River Calder from the Yorkshire City of Wakefield, on 21st December 1460 and spent Christmas in Sandal Castle, his army billeted in the neighbouring villages. King Edward IV endowed the Chantry Chapel, at the end of Wakefield Bridge, in memory of his father, the Duke of York, and his brother, the Earl of Rutland, both killed at the Battle of Wakefield. Immediately after Christmas Day, Queen Margaret marched to Wakefield to confront the Duke of York. A force led by nobles loyal to the Lancastrian King Henry VI faced the army of Richard, Duke of York , the rival Yorkist claimant to the throne, who met his death in the battle. They liberated Henry after defeating the Yorkist army of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, in the Second Battle of St Albans and continued pillaging on their way to London. Wakefield Bridge and Chantry Chapel: Battle of Wakefield on 30th December 1460 in the Wars of the Roses: picture by Philip Reinagle. The rest were positioned out of sight of the battlements, among the surrounding hills, leading York to underestimate the numbers he faced and to believe that he would win a battle. Handheld Firearms were beginning to appear on the battlefield but were still unreliable and dangerous to discharge. Any day, York’s son Edward, Earl of March, would arrive at Sandal with substantial reinforcements and Queen Margaret did not have the train to mount a regular siege of Sandal Castle. Lancastrian casualties are not known but were probably significant. York held a Council of War on 29th December 1460. During the fighting, the Duke of York was killed. To find out more about the magazine and how to subscribe, click here. The Duke of York’s move to take the throne was rejected by Parliament, but an enactment was passed whereby York would become king on the death of King Henry VI. The Duke of York’s eldest surviving son, Edward, Earl of March (subsequently King Edward IV), took up the Yorkist cause and advanced on York, fighting the Battle of Towton on Palm Sunday, 29th March 1461. York’s son, Edward, Earl of March, was on the move from his estates on the Welsh Borders to support his father with an army. York’s army, swelled by a substantial muster newly arrived with Lord Neville, sallied forth to meet them – but their confident expectations of victory were soon to prove misplaced. His Victorian monument stands opposite, among school railings, moved from its original position closer to where he died (slightly further north by the junction of Manygates and Milnthorpe Lanes) when the site was built on. The city of London refused to open its gates to Henry and Margaret for fear of being looted. Leave Sandal Castle and follow Manygates Lane – the same route the Yorkists took to battle in 1460. This turbulent period saw England’s two most powerful families fight for control of the crown. However, you can still visit several key sites where the action took place – among them Sandal Castle. On the morning of 30th December 1460, the gates of Sandal Castle were thrown open. Battle of Wakefield Label from public data source Wikidata; Wakefield, Battle of (England : 1460) In this process, the Lancastrians harried the estates of the Duke of York and other prominent Yorkists in the north of England. It was a major battle of the Wars of the Roses. At the Council, the Duke of York’s senior subordinates, the Earl of Salisbury, Sir Thomas Nevill, Sir David Hall, Sir John Parr, Sir John Mortimer, Sir Hugh Mortimer and several other experienced soldiers urged him to remain within Sandal Castle and await his son March with the reinforcements he was bringing. Richard, Duke of York, commanded the Yorkist army. Battle of Wakefield For the storming of Wakefield by a Roundhead force in 1643, see Capture of Wakefield. 1 major and 1 captain, both wounded were left in Wakefield after giving their parole as prisoners. Little is known about the action but the Duke was successfully enticed out from the safety of Sandal Castle and ambushed. Sunday, 11 April 2021 The Battle of Wakefield 1460 Last year GMT reprinted the first three games from their Men of Iron series and bundled them together in a single box as a ‘deluxe’ edition. The Battle of Wakefield: 30 December 1460. Queen Margaret of Anjou, with her Lancastrian army, spent Christmas at Pontefract Castle, some 12 miles from Wakefield. Background to the Battle of Wakefield:  Following the Battle of Northampton on 10th July 1460, the Duke of York returned from Ireland and attempted to persuade the English Parliament to accept his claim to the throne of England, in place of King Henry VI, in thrall to the Yorkists following his capture at the Battle of Northampton. Visit our dedicated Podcast page or visit Podbean below. Emblems of the Battle of Wakefield: The Duke of York’s emblem was a Falcon Volant Argent with a Fetterlock Or. Queen Margaret of Anjou and Edward, Prince of Wales: Battle of Wakefield on 30th December 1460 in the Wars of the Roses. The emblem is not the same as his coat of arms. The royal House of Lancaster versus the House of York. The Battle of Wakefield was a Lancastrian victory in the Wars of the Roses. The Battle of Wakefield. The Battle of Wakefield was a decisive battle of the Wars of the Roses. Between 1459 and 1461 the balance of power in England changed repeatedly and rapidly. Broader Terms. Duke of York in the mock coronation before being executed after the Battle of Wakefield on 30th December 1460 in the Wars of the Roses. But yesterday, December 30, it was 554 years since the battle at Sandal Magna outside Wakefield in West Yorkshire. The opposing factions were a royal army, nominally commanded by Margaret of Anjou, and the supporters of Richard, Duke … In September 1459 Richard of York fled to Ireland. In less than half a mile, you will reach the remnant of Wakefield Green, now called Castle Grove Park – a well-preserved field of Medieval ridgeand- furrow which would have seen fierce hand-to-hand combat as the Duke strove vainly to reach the safety of his fortress. Unfortunately this collapsed in 1941, but its location and name are preserved in the modern building erected on the same site. Whatever the reasons he considered most important, the Duke of York was determined to leave Sandal Castle and attack Queen Margaret’s army. Size of the armies at the Battle of Wakefield:  The Lancastrian army probably comprised some 15,000 men, the Yorkist army some 4,000 men. There are a lot of rumours about how the Duke was killed. Now leading the Yorkists, Edward, Earl of March succeeded in winning a victory at Mortimer's Cross in February 1461, but the cause took another blow later in the month when Warwick was beaten at St. Albans and Henry VI liberated. Chronicler Edward Hall described Richard and his men becoming trapped – ‘like a fish in a net’. —description from the publisher Sandal Castle was held for King Charles I in the English Civil War by Colonel Bonivant. The county was the principal site of the Pilgrimage of Grace, an unsuccessful uprising in … The Battle of Wakefield, by Philip Haigh, published Sutton Publishing Ltd, 1996 Blood Red Roses: The archaeology of a Mass Grave from the Battle of Towton, 1461, edited by Veronica Fiorato, Anthea Boylston, and Christopher Knusel, published Oxbow Books, 2000. 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