Popa volcano and associated post-Palaeogene volcanics, Central Burma, Institute of Geological Sciences, Overseas Division Report 39, Tertiary geology and principal oil fields of Burma, Electrodialysis of mineral silicates: an experimental study of rock weathering, A note on the petrology and the provenance of the Webu and Marble (‘Alabaster’) inscription stones of the Kyaukse area, Myanmar petroleum systems, including the offshore area, Paleoseismological field survey along the western coast of Myanmar, Active Fault Research Group, Geological Survey of Japan, Annual Report, Geological evidence for three great earthquakes in the past 3400 years off Myanmar, Jadeitite and other high-pressure metamorphic rocks from the Jade Mines Belt, Tawmaw area, Kachin State, northern Myanmar, X-Ray Study of Biotite from the Scott Mine, Sterling Lake, New York, Kyemon Daily, Sunday Supplement (28-1-2001), Tectonic geomorphology of the southernmost Sagaing Fault and surface rupture associated with the May 1930 Pegu (Bago) Earthquake, Myanmar, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Gondwana/Tethys divide in East Asia: solution from the Late Paleozoic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Shallow Tethys, ST5, Department of Geological Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, Permian fusuline fauna from the Minwun Range, Central Myanmar (Abstract), 5th Symposium of the International Geosciences Programme (IGCP) 589, The Investigation in Quaternary Geology of the Upper Chindwin District (Sagaing Division, Upper Burma), Geology and Mineralization of the Shangalon Copper Prospect and Surroundings. [2] The belt also shows evidence for ductile stretching along the north-northwest-south-southeast direction, e.g. In joint ventures with international oil companies, MOGE has recently identified extensive gas reserves in the Myanmar offshore areas (e.g. an old name for a part of Burma and a word for the country in native speech, officially chosen by the military rulers of Burma in 1989. Curray et al. Bradshaw as Director. Integrated geological surveys have been conducted by DGSE in Kachin State since the year 2000, as well as continuing exploration for specific minerals in different part of Myanmar. Gradually a national geological organization was developed in Myanmar, similar to the Geological Survey of India and other national geological organizations throughout the world. [22], Along the foothills of the Shan Scarp, steady-state stretching ductile deformation trending in NNW-SSE direction was identified and is compatible with the extensive force that generates the en-echelon pull apart basin in Myanmar Central Belt (MCB).[16]. Map showing petroliferous basins and petroleum and gas tenders for Production Sharing Contract (PSC) agreements in Mynmar (map courtesy of Lynn Myint 2016). The readership is likely to include not only those in the petroleum industry seeking an overview of the habitat of Myanmar s oil and gas, but also researchers in the broader field of SE Asian geology. Map showing physiography of Myanmar. Surprisingly, although a few students had graduated with degrees in geology from the University of Rangoon before the war, there were no Myanmar geologists in Yangon University, GSI, BGD, the Burmah Oil Company (BOC) or any of the oil or mining companies at that time. Later, thrusting, folding and uplifting formed the Indo-Burman Ranges. The Ivanhoe Mining Company reported that this deposit is of world class, and forms the second-largest source of copper in Southeast Asia. [7] The eight major tertiary sub-basins within the Myanmar Central Belt are Hukwang, Chindwin, Shwebo, Salin, Pyay Embayment, Irrawaddy Delta, Bago-Yoma, and Sittaung Basin. During the last week of July 2015, over 30% more rain fell on Hakha than in any other month over the past 25 years. [16] The plateau, unlike other regions Myanmar, comprises thick successions of Paleozoic, Mesozoic and even Precambrian sedimentary rocks. The subduction boundary forms an accretionary prism[31] and eventually with thrusting and folding forms the Indo-Burma Range. Earthquakes of Richter magnitude 4.3–4.5 are extremely frequent in the India–Myanmar border region and along the Rakhine Coast, with 12 events in the first 5 months of 2012. Myanmar has three seasons, including: a dry summer from March to mid-May; a monsoonal rainy season from mid-May to September; and a cool winter season from October to February. [26], In the mid-late Triassic, the Shan-Thai block collided with the Indo-China block, and under-thrusted an ophiolite and associated arc system in the northeast. Technical Report UN/BUR/72/002, Geology and Exploration Geochemistry of Part of the Northern and Southern Chin Hills and Arakan Yoma, Western Burma. Mining then reverted to indigenous mining using traditional methods. Audley-Charles(1988) suggested that this block, together with other crustal blocks, separated from the northern margin of Gondwana in the region of north Australia during the Jurassic, and collided with eastern Myanmar in the Cretaceous. Technical Cooperation Project: BGR Hannover and Technical Services Corporation Burma. Neo-Tethyan magmatism and metallogeny in Myanmar – an Andean Analogue? [34], Myanmar hosts a variety of ore-deposits with economic significance and global recognition. Coastal lowlands and offshore islands margin the Bay of Bengal to the west of the Rakhine Yoma and the Andaman Sea in Tanintharyi (Tenasserim) (Hadden 2008). As suggested above, the Mogok Metamorphic Belt and the Slate Belt have been considered to form part of the Sibumasu Block; however, Mitchell et al. Clegg. In 1973 the Irrigation Department, which was under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, established a badly needed Engineering Geology Section headed by U Sann Lwin, a post-Independence graduate of Rangoon University and formerly a geologist with DGSE. The following introduces two of the major fault systems. The absence of an efficient legal framework for artisanal and smallscale mining (ASM) for gold and gemstones, together with the application of mechanized mining, contribute to the adverse environmental and social impact of mining operations. [12] These basins are generally considered as forearc/back arc basin couplet of the Indo-Burma subduction system. [15] A foreland thrust belt developed along the collision of the two blocks and laid the foundation of the Shan Plateau. Unfortunately these same areas were more severely affected a few years later by cyclone Nargis in 2008; the 4 m high wall of water left at least 140 000 dead and hundreds of thousands homeless, with rice fields inundated and rendered unproductive by the influx of salt water. This regional project was established to conduct fundamental research on geodynamics between the Indian and Asian plates. The latter included the subdivision of the Plateau Limestone in the Southern Shan State into three lithological units, which is still recognized today. Home / Ebook / Dr. Tin Thein (Geology) 1 In book section , We have (1) books totals to read online freely. This application provides a variety of vocabulary and terms in Geology App is completely free, you don't have to pay anything ever! Over 7,500 entriesThe fourth edition of this leading dictionary (previously A Dictionary of Earth Sciences) contains over 7,500 clear and concise entries on all aspects of geology and earth sciences, including planetary science, volcanology, palaeontology, and mineralogy. [22] The onset of seafloor spreading on the Andaman rift puts a minimum 4.5 Ma age constraint on the Sagaing Fault. The Shan Plateau, or the Eastern Highlands Province, is composed of a crystalline basement and a weakly metamorphosed turbidite sequence of probable Late Precambrian–Early Cambrian age, overlain by a thick sequence of Palaeozoic–Mesozoic continental shelf (Aye Ko Aung & Cocks 2017; Zaw Win et al. The Woodside Company of Australia recently announced the discovery of a gas play in the Shwe Yee Htun-1 exploration well in Block A-6 in the Rakhine Basin in the western offshore area of Myanmar. The following table lists South Asia pipelines, as shown on the map.It is followed by the map, which you can click to see an enlarged version.The pipeline routes on the map are labeled with the codes that are explained in the table. Myanmar has internationally significant monumental geosites suitable for the establishment of geoparks, such as Mt Popa Volcano near the cultural city of Pagan, which has a geological as well as a national/historical heritage, and the Hukuang Valley in Kachin State. 6. The western coast of Myanmar is subject to occasional tropical cyclones such as Cyclone Nargis (2008) which, together with a storm surge, inundated the Ayeyarwaddy (Irrawaddy) Delta, killing an estimated 140 000 people, and Cyclone Giri (2010), which made landfall south of Sittway on the Rakhine coast, rendering tens of thousands of people homeless. lineation, sheath folds and “pencil-like” mullions. Eventually it was decided that mechanized mining was too expensive; the company went into voluntary liquidation in 1925 and was declared bankrupt in 1931. 0095305, Eastern Chin and Arakan Mineral Survey. By the 1960s several government ministries had established geological departments, including the Mineral Development Corporation (MDC) or Myanmar Mineral Development Corporation (MMDC) under the Ministry of Mines. The objective was to provide training and research for gemmological studies at university level and to generate a new breed of gemmologists/geologists of international standard capable of exploration, exploitation and marketing, thereby contributing to the development of Myanmar’s rich gemstone potential (Jobbins 1968). Three suggestions have been made for the origin of the West Myanmar Block. As placer gold is so widespread, primary gold deposits can be expected in the upper reaches of the river drainage basins. Recent LA-ICP-MS geochronology and U–Pb dating demonstrates that the earliest anthropoids originated in Asia rather than in Africa (Khin Zaw et al. [15] It provides the major topographic relief in Myanmar and it extends towards the southeast to Thailand. In Hakha Township in the Chin State, unprecedented rainfall caused devastating landslides. The exposed metamorphic lineation along the belt[14] indicates different motions within the central belt: (1) dextral pull apart geometry trending in a north-northwest direction during Oligocene to early Miocene forming an "en-echelon" pull-apart basin:[12] (2) fault-propagated folds cored in a west-dipping thrust fault in the basin center implies an east-west trending transpressional deformation from Pliocene-Pleistocene onwards. 2010). Paleoproterozoic (1.9–1.8 Ga), syn-orogenic magmatism and sedimentation in the Ljusdal lithotectonic unit, Svecokarelian orogen. [16] The general trend of reverse fault strikes is N20°W and dips in the east-northeast direction; where some N20°E striking normal faults were identified along the fault scarp (at 21°N to 22°N latitude), north of Mandalay. These tectonic processes associated with semi-continuous sedimentation, magmatic and metamorphic events have made the Myanmar Region highly prospective for metalliferous ores and gem deposits (Khin Zaw 2017). The subjects of this dictionary are most of geological terms but there are many terms that also related with geophysics, biology, astrophysics, and geography. Western merchants, such as the Genoese Hieronimo de Santa Stefano who travelled in Myanmar and visited Pegu (Bago) and Ava (Inn-wa) in 1496, commented on the abundance of rubies and other precious stones. Eventually in 1963 the Myanmar Government purchased the shares of the British partners in BOC (1954) Ltd and renamed the company the People’s Oil Industry (POI). The geology of Myanmar is shaped by dramatic, ongoing tectonic processes controlled by shifting tectonic components as the Indian plate slides northwards and towards Southeast Asia. Dictionary). In 2011 an earthquake of magnitude Mw 6.8 occurred in eastern Shan State near Tachileik, adjacent to the borders with Thailand and Laos. Geology can also include the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet or natural satellite such as Mars or the Moon. In the center-east of Myanmar, a right l… At the request of the Myanmar Government, the UNESCO project was followed by a major UNDP/UN-funded project to upgrade the technical ability of Myanmar geologists and to develop modern analytical facilities. Look up Myanmar in the PONS online German spelling dictionary! The enterprise changed hands several times before being taken over by the Burma Corporation Ltd (Chhibber 1934b). It will require a huge injection of funds for the up-skilling of the current work force and the training of the younger generation of geoscientists. Map showing offshore and onshore blocks for oil and gas exploration concessions and pipelines in Myanmar (map courtesy of Lynn Myint 2016). Large quantities of crude oil were extracted by local people from hand-dug wells, some reaching depths of 130 m. Oil was also produced from shallow pits or wells from Yanbye (Ramree), Man-aung (Cheduba) and Phayongar (Baronga) islands along the Rakhine Coast. Technical management of the MRDC was by U Minn Din (micropalaeontologist) and U Saw Aleric (mining geologist). These effects depend on the magnitude of the earthquake, its depth, the amount of movement, the nature of the substrate (with the effects being less on solid rock and greatest on soft alluvial sediments) and on the density of the population in the affected area. In those days, Myanmar students were more interested in the prestigious and lucrative legal and administrative professions. Sato 2009 ; Maurin & Rangin 2009 ; Wang et al the Asiatic Society of Bengal and the Indonesian arc. Assisted by Indian geologists employed on short-term contracts they are rapidly disappearing and Slate. 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