Though accurate at last review, it is no longer being updated. The Kashmir earthquake is associated with the great plate boundary region as shown in Figure 1, where the Indian Plate is subducting under the Asian Plate. https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.YB080690, Additional credits and copyright information, Tectonics of earthquakes surrounding the Indian plate and within the Indian subcontinent. 92.60.224.56. The October 8, 2005, M 7.6 Pakistan earthquake occurred as the result of shallow reverse faulting near the convergent boundary between the India and Eurasia plates. Being part of the western Himalayas, its position on a converging plate boundary makes this region particularly prone to earthquakes. This same boundary resulted in the creation of the Himalayas. MORE THAN 8700 articles covering all major scientific disciplines and encompassing the McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology and McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Technology, 115,000-PLUS definitions from the McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 3000 biographies of notable scientific figures, MORE THAN 19,000 downloadable images and animations illustrating key topics, ENGAGING VIDEOS highlighting the life and work of award-winning scientists, SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY and additional readings to guide students to deeper understanding and research, LINKS TO CITABLE LITERATURE help students expand their knowledge using primary sources of information. Consequently, the accumulated elastic strain around the complex northwestern margin of the Indo-Asian collision zone has not been signifi cantly released by the 2005 earthquake. The 2005 Kashmir earthquake actually split the Earth’s surface. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use. We thus conclude that the 2005 event did not occur on the plate boundary megathrusts, but on intraplate active faults within the Sub-Himalaya. The Kashmir earthquake (8th October 2005) was the most devastating natural hazard, in the history of Pakistan, killing about 90,000 people, leaving millions homeless, and causing economic loss of about 5 billion US$ (ADB and WB, 2005). The largest of India’s earthquakes, however, occur on the northern boundary of the Indian plate where it descends beneath southern Tibet (Bilham and Ambraseys, 2005). The Kashmir earthquake was devastating for a number of reasons. earthquake known in and around the 2005 epicentral area is the 1555 Kashmir earthquake of M ~7.6, but the damage from the earthquake is reported to have been concentrated around Srinagar to the east (Ambraseys and Jackson, 2003; Fig. Much of the damage … All rights reserved. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.YB080690. 25 2 Study Area Within the area affected by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, we selected an area of approximately 40 x 40 km around the city of Muzaffarabad (Fig 1). Each of these events exacted a heavy toll on life and property with 35,000 dead in 1935, 20,000 in 2001, and 75,000 in 2005, leaving many more homeless and destitute. To the north, the collision results in massive thrust earthquakes along the Himalayas as India slides beneath Tibet. 1). (Photograph ©2005, Robert Yeats.) These earthquakes occurred in a specific tectonic context of the Indian plate, although powered by the same process—its approximately 2 m per century north-eastward penetration into the Tibetan plate whose elevation and bulk is sustained by the dynamics of the collision process. More than 32,000 buildings collapsed, due both to the severity of the earthquake and the poor construction of the area. Both the MKT and the MMT turn eastward in the Hazara-Kashmir syntaxial bend near the the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), the region of major tectonic plate collision. For example, unlike the recent 2015 earthquake in Nepal, the 2005 Kashmir quake broke all the way to the Earth’s surface. The page may contain broken links or outdated information. To address the quantitative contribution ofthe earthquake to plate convergence, we performed paleoseismologicaltrench excavations at Nisar Camp site near Muzaffarabad acrossthe middle section of the 2005 surface rupture. If they are of equal density = they push up Damage from the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. Its tremors were felt in a radius of over 1000 km with damages taking place in an Let your librarian know about the award-winning gateway to the most trustworthy and accurate scientific information. The October 8, 2005 Kashmir earthquake was the second major event with moment magnitude (Mw) ∼7.6 within 5 years to have rocked the west Indian continent and the third since 1935. In 2005 a strong earthquake devastated the administrative centre of Muzaffarabad and surrounding regions. On October 8, 2005, at 8:50 a.m. local time, a magnitude Mw = 7.6 earthquake struck the Himalayan region of northern Pakistan and Kashmir. This same boundary resulted in the creation of the Himalayas. You may already have access to this content. The collision between these two continen-tal plates fractured the northern boundary of Indian plate into several slices beneath the Kashmir Basin, known as Geologists call this event a surface rupture. Its geological movement was north at a speed of five centimetres a year - a millimetre per week. The earthquake occurred in the border between the Pakistan-controlled Kashmir and the Indian-controlled Kasmir, near the cities of Muzaffarabad and Balakot. Gaur, Vinod K. Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India. Create your own unique website with customizable templates. In some areas, the earthquake shifted the ground more than 5 meters (16 feet). The October 8, 2005 earthquake occurred near this active seismic zone in Northern Pakistan, in the Himalayan foothills. areas during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. 92.60.224.56 The earthquake was located on the plate boundary between the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate at a depth of 10km. 1 INTRODUCTION An invitation to join a reconnaissance team to visit the region devastated by the Kashmir earthquake of 8 October 2005 was extended to the New Zealand Society for Earthquake A magnitude (Mw) 7.6 earthquake at 8.50 am (local time) on Engineering (NZSEE) by the US based Earthquake 8 October 2005 (USGS, 2005) caused extensive damage and Engineering Research … Kashmir earthquake of 2005, disastrous earthquake that occurred on October 8, 2005, in the Pakistan-administered portion of the Kashmir region known as Azad Kashmir and the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Also distinctive was the fact that although it was a relatively small event (M w 7.6), it produced a coseismic surface faulting (breaking of the ground on land or underwater) for a distance of ∼80 km 8,9 . / The 2005 Kashmir, India, earthquake is responsible for about 20,000 deaths, with many more people injured or made homeless (Figure below). Kashmir is found on the destructive boundary between the Eurasian plate and the Indian plate. The Jhelum River and its upper tributaries, including the Punch River, have cut deeply incised and terraced valleys through these mountain ranges; the Jhelum also constitutes most of the western boundary of Azad Kashmir. The earthquake was located on the plate boundary between the Indo-Australian plate and the Eurasian plate at a depth of 10km. A build up of pressure on this fault caused a sudden slip which resulted in the earthquake. The 2005 Kashmir earthquake in northeastern Pakistan occurred along the northwestern mar- gin of the Indo-Asian collision zone. It had a magnitude of 7.6 and also affected adjacent parts of India and Afghanistan. Kashmir Earthquake 2005 Involved tectonic plates Collision boundary between the Eurasian and Indian tectonic plate: The damage of the earthquake Collisional boundery/Convergent Plate boundary: Two plates are moving towards each other. The well-known and recent earthquake of Kashmir occurred at 03:50 GMT (08:50 local time), on the morning of Saturday the 8th of October, 2005. A build up of pressure on this fault caused a sudden slip which resulted in the earthquake. Accessibility policy. Much of the damage is attributed to the severe upthrust of the quake. The collision of two continents also creates massive earthquakes. On October 8 2005, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake struck Pakistan-controlled-Kashmir, killing at least 100,000. The 2005 Kashmir earthquake in Pakistan occurred on a previouslymapped active fault around the northwest margin of the Indo-Asiancollision zone. Kashmir region is one of the most seismic prone area lies on the Eurasian and Indian plate boundary. In December 2004, almost the entire southeast plate boundary ruptured in a 1600-km-long magnitude 9.2 earthquake, creating giant tsunamis that struck the Indian ocean shores and killed more than 300,000 people, raising the fatality count of the three twenty-first century Indian earthquakes far above the total of all historical events. The recent earthquake of 8 October 2005 in the Muzaffarabad region in western Himalaya destroyed several parts of Pakistan and the north Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. To the west-southwest, the submarine plate boundary consists of a simple oceanic fracture zone between the Indian plate and the Arabian plate, and to the southeast an oceanic apron of heavier rocks dives obliquely beneath southeast Asia and the modest Andaman plate (Fig. 2. Your IP information is Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. The 8 October 2005 earthquake in Kashmir is remembered as one of the worst natural disasters in South Asia. The Kashmir earthquake of 2005 was special because it was the first instrumentally recorded major earthquake in the Himalayan arc. Additional credits and copyright information. The source of the 8 October 2005 earthquake of M 7.6 was the northwest-striking Balakot–Bagh (B–B) fault, which had been mapped by the Geological Survey of Pakistan prior to the earthquake but had not been recognized as active except for a 16-km section near Muzaffarabad. It left 138,000 injured and 3.5 million people displaced. Focal mechanism solutions indicate that rupture occurred on either a steep southeast-striking reverse fault or a moderately dipping northwest-striking reverse fault. This is a convergent boundary in which the Indo-Australian plate is subducting under the Eurasian plate. Over time, the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates formed the Himalaya Mountains, and has made the region seismically active and susceptible to earthquakes. To learn more about subscribing to AccessScience, or to request a no-risk trial of this award-winning scientific reference for your institution, fill in your information and a member of our Sales Team will contact you as soon as possible. The 2005 Kashmir earthquake displaced more than three million people, primarily affecting residents in the Kashmir region. Many earthquakes happen in the region in and around the Himalayan Mountains. 1), suggesting that the 1555 and 2005 events were on different source faults. 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