Snoring can be a problem simply because of the noise it causes. Arthritis pain can make it hard for people to fall asleep and to resettle when they shift positions. They feel an urge to move their legs and feet to get temporary relief, often with excessive, rhythmic, or cyclic leg movements during sleep. Sleep disorders include snoring, sleep apnea, insomnia, sleep behaviors called parasomnias, restless legs syndrome, circadian disorders, narcolepsy, and others. Sleepwalking, night terrors, sleep paralysis and REM sleep behavior disorder are common examples. Studies have shown that poor sleep quality and/or quantity in children are associated with a host of problems, including academic, behavioral, developmental and social difficulties, weight abnormalities, and other health problems. Screaming, thrashing, frantically pacing — night terrors earn their name, both for the … Treatment with sleeping pills may be difficult because some drugs can worsen Parkinson’s symptoms. Insomnia has many possible causes, including stress, anxiety, depression, poor sleep habits, circadian rhythm disorders (such as jet lag), and taking certain medications. A bed rail or an overhead bar (known as a trapeze) may make it easier for people with Parkinson’s to move about and, therefore, lead to better sleep. This can be a symptom of heart failure or a problem with the lungs. Some people find it difficult to sleep at night because they become breathless when they lie down. We now know that sleep deprivation adversely affects the brain and cognitive function. Now more than ever, people need mental health guidance and support. Factors associated with the development of REM sleep behavior disorder include: 1. It's important to first understand what could be causing yo… Insomnia means having difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, despite the opportunity … Call your doctor if your child has a fever and is sluggish when waking up. Sleepiness puts you at greater risk for car wrecks and other accidents. Our metabolism slows down to preserve that glucose, which is the source of our life when we are awake. Snoring Many adults snore. Some sleep disruptions are caused by illness, allergies, or conditions like sleep apnea, night terrors, sleepwalking, or restless leg syndrome. Pregnancy
People who feel they sleep perfectly well may still be troubled by excessive daytime sleepiness because of a variety of underlying medical illnesses. Researchers now know that in many cases of sleep apnea, the obstruction in the airways is only partial. There are many different types of sleep disorders, all with different causes, and these can be grouped according to how they happen, the symptoms they cause, or how they affect the person. People with epilepsy—a condition in which a person is prone to seizures—are twice as likely as others to suffer from insomnia. Such occurrences are often followed by a “crash” during which the person spends most of the next few days in bed. During normal sleep, you cycle through REM and four stages of non-REM (NREM) sleep numerous times a night. Wandering, disorientation, and agitation during the evening and night, a phenomenon known as “sundowning,” can require constant supervision and place great stress on caregivers. Sleep apnea is also more common among older people. Circadian-related changes in the tone of the muscles surrounding the airways can cause the airways to constrict during the night, raising the potential for nocturnal asthma attacks that rouse the sleeper abruptly. The disorder overstimulates the nervous system, making it hard to fall asleep, and it may cause night sweats, leading to nighttime arousals. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. and Sleep. Headaches that awaken people are often migraines, but some migraines can be relieved by sleep. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. People over age 60 may not sleep as deeply as younger people. Lying down in bed often worsens heartburn, which is caused by the backup of stomach acid into the esophagus. Bedwetting can be caused by a family history of bedwetting, low bladder control, or emotional distress, among other causes. Common symptoms include trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, and not feeling rested after sleep. People with diabetes whose blood sugar levels are not well controlled may experience sleep problems due to: If diabetes has damaged nerves in the legs, nighttime movements or pain may also disturb sleep. While during insomnia, your body produces adrenaline which speeds up the metabolism, and even sleeping the body works and burns the glucose. In people who have restless legs syndrome, discomfort in the legs and feet peaks during the evening and night. Often, there is no clear cause. Insomnia can be caused by psychiatric and medical conditions, unhealthy sleep habits, specific substances, and/or certain biological factors. It Could Be What You're Eating. People who abuse alcohol or drugs often suffer from insomnia. Night terrors are often more frightening for parents than for their child. Breathing difficulties or fear of having an attack may make it more difficult to fall asleep, as can the use of steroids or other breathing medications that also have a stimulating effect, similar to that of caffeine. Disturbed sleep is a prominent feature of bipolar disorder (also known as manic-depressive illness). There are different causes for different sleep disorders, including. A night terror can be dramatic: Your child may wake up screaming, but unable to explain the fear. Genetic and environmental factors likely play a role, although the data on genetic factors is still speculative and not well studied. Nocturia is the need to get up frequently to urinate during the night. Over time, those nights of missed sleep (whether they're caused by a sleep disorder or simply not scheduling enough time for the necessary ZZZs) can build into a sleep deficit . Severe anxiety, also known as generalized anxiety disorder, is characterized by persistent, nagging feelings of worry, apprehension, or uneasiness. Waking up too early in the morning is a hallmark of depression, and some depressed people have difficulty falling asleep or get fitful sleep throughout the whole night. RLS typically occurs in the evening, making it difficult to fall asleep and sta… You can also use gravity to your advantage by elevating your upper body with an under-mattress wedge or blocks placed under the bedposts. Night Terrors
There are many conditions, diseases, and disorders that can cause sleep disturbances. The cause of narcolepsy is not clear. Lifestyle. When you fall asleep, many muscles in your body relax. Apnea means "no airflow." Instead, they experience constant sleepiness during the day. If muscles in the throat relax too much, your breathing may be blocked and you may snore. MORE>> Hypersomnias Hypersomnias are a group of sleep disorders that causes a person to be excessively sleepy. If the nocturia persists, your doctor may prescribe one of a growing number of medications approved to treat an overactive bladder. A study completed by the VAHS in San Diego and the UCSD School of Medicine in the year 2000 monitored activit… Insomnia, a common sleep disorder in which it is hard for you to get to sleep or stay asleep, can be caused by factors ranging from stress to eating a big meal before bed time. Allergies and … and lung problems. If this is unsuccessful, try behavioral approaches such as cutting down on how much you drink in the two hours before bedtime, especially caffeine and alcohol. In addition, a number of prescription and over-the-counter medications used to treat these and other health problems can impair sleep quality and quantity (see table below). Heart failure
© 1999-2021 HelpGuide.org. After delivery, the new baby's care or the mother's postpartum depression may interrupt sleep. See a certified medical or mental health professional for diagnosis. Kidney disease can cause waste products to build up in the blood and can result in insomnia or symptoms of restless legs syndrome. Nocturia may be a product of age, but other causes include certain medical conditions (heart failure, diabetes, urinary tract infection, an enlarged prostate, liver failure, multiple sclerosis, sleep apnea), medication (especially diuretics), and excessive fluid intake after dinner. People who drink coffee, smoke cigarettes, or drink alcohol are more likely to have sleep problems than people who do not. Obstructive sleep apnea was thought to be a disorder primarily of overweight, older men. During a manic episode, a person may not sleep at all for several days. Night terrors. They can be caused by stress, anxiety, and some drugs. Light and exercise "reset" the clock and can move it forward or backward. Researchers theorize that as the body catches up on missed sleep, it spends more time in delta sleep, when vessels are most constricted, making the transition to REM sleep more dramatic and likely to induce a headache. Heart failure is a condition characterized by a gradual decline in the heart’s ability to “pump”, or circulate blood adequately.
Almost all people with Parkinson’s disease have insomnia. Pediatric Sleep Disorders. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder that causes an intense, often irresistible urge to move the legs. Insomnia may be temporary and stem from a simple cause, such as jet lag. Insomnia. For example: Bedwetting (enuresis). All rights reserved. People who are prone to headaches should try to avoid sleep deprivation, as lack of sleep can promote headaches. If left untreated, severe sleep apnea may be associated with high blood pressure and the risk of stroke and heart attack. Sleep disorders in children and adolescents are common; even infants may have sleep disorders. You may be able to avoid this problem by abstaining from heavy or fatty foods—as well as coffee and alcohol—in the evening. Drops in blood oxygen during sleep -- once thought to be the cause of waking up due to obstructive sleep apnea -- may or may not be present. weekend immunity. Shutterstock Images. During the first trimester, frequent trips to the bathroom and morning sickness may disrupt sleep. In turn, not being able to sleep may become a focus of some sufferers’ ongoing fear and tension, causing further sleep loss. Circadian rhythm disorders are an important but less common cause of insomnia. Identifying what's at the root can help you find a solution. The exact cause of sleepwalking is unknown. Medication. Some women are too excited, anxious, or worried about becoming mothers to sleep well. Toward the end of pregnancy, some women find it difficult to sleep because of the uncomfortable size of their abdomen. People with this condition often wake up choking or gasping for air. Although researchers aren’t sure why, kidney dialysis or transplant does not always return sleep to normal. But most won't sleep through the night without a feeding until 4 months of age. Laboratory studies have shown that people who are depressed spend less time in slow-wave sleep and may enter REM sleep more quickly at the beginning of the night. For these reasons, the many causes or risk factors for a sleep disorder are too numerous to lay out here, but here are the most common: Iron deficiency anema Emotional or psychological distress Some PD medications can disrupt sleep. People who have emphysema or bronchitis may also have difficulty falling and staying asleep because of excess sputum production, shortness of breath, and coughing. Some people with schizophrenia sleep very little in the early, most severe stage of an episode. A sleep disturbance may be a symptom of a health issue or an adverse effect of therapy to treat the problem. Sleep deprivation can affect your ability to drive safely and increase your risk of other health problems.Some of the signs and symptoms of sleep disorders include Sleep Deprivation: Symptoms, Causes, and Effects, Improving Sleep: A Guide to a Good Night’s Rest, symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Certain brain and nerve disorders can contribute to sleeplessness. Some patients who take drugs used to treat Parkinson’s treatment may develop severe nightmares; others experience disruption of REM sleep. These may be caused by People with kidney disease have kidneys that are damaged to the extent that they can no longer filter fluids, remove wastes, and keep electrolytes in balance as efficiently as they did when healthy. People with general anxiety typically experience excessive, persistent worry every day or almost every day for a period of six months or more. As a result, daytime sleepiness is common. Sometimes, snoring is caused by allergies, asthma, or nasal deformities that make breathing difficult. There is sometimes a genetic component, but most patients have no family history of the problem. Sometimes children who have night terrors remember a frightening image, but often they remember nothing. The symptoms of poor sleep are: mood changes. Benzodiazepine sleep medications help some people to stay asleep despite this breathing disturbance, but others may need to use supplementary oxygen or a device that increases pressure in the upper airway and chest cavity to help them breathe and sleep more normally. Diabetes is a common, chronic disorder marked by elevated levels of blood glucose, or sugar. School-aged children may sleep 10 hours a day. Learn more. Stress can cause nightmares, which can lead to night terrors. You may not snore if you have central sleep apnea. An overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) can cause sleep problems. Both cluster headaches and migraines may be related to changes in the size of blood vessels leading to the cortex of the brain; pain occurs when the walls of the blood vessels dilate. In people with coronary artery disease, the natural fluctuations in circadian rhythms may trigger angina (chest pain), arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), or even heart attack while asleep. Fatigue during the first trimester of pregnancy is likely caused by changing levels of hormones, such as progesterone. But sleep problems can keep some teens awake at night even when they want to sleep. Brain wave disturbances that cause seizures can also cause deficits in slow-wave sleep or REM sleep. They may have trouble falling asleep or may wake up frequently during the night or early in the morning.
When you're repeatedly interrupted and can't cycle normally through these types and stages of sleep, you may feel tired, fatigued, and have trouble concentrating and paying attention while you're awake. A rare form of sleep apnea called central sleep apnea occurs when signals from the brain to your muscles decrease or stop for a short time. Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder that occurs when a person's breathing is interrupted during sleep. Almost all people with anxiety or depression have trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. Sleep apnea is a common sleep-related breathing disorder that occurs due to blockage of the upper airway. The stress of chronic illness can also cause insomnia and daytime drowsiness.Common conditions often associated with sleep problems include heartburn, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders, kidney disease, mental health problems, neurological disorders, respiratory problems, and thyroid disease. They are caused by several causes such as too much stress, any pre-existing health conditions, obesity, sleep apnea, and certain mental disorders.
These include weight loss, cutting down on alcohol, dental devices and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Sleep problems, including snoring, sleep apnea, insomnia, sleep deprivation, and restless legs syndrome, are common. Because almost 90% of people with serious depression experience insomnia, a physician evaluating a person with insomnia will consider depression as a possible cause. Sleepiness coupled with dizziness, weakness, headache, or vision problems may signal a serious problem such as a brain tumor or stroke, which requires immediate medical attention. This cycle can be maintained for several years. Drinking alcohol can make obstructive sleep apnea worse because it relaxes muscles that maintain an open airway. It can cause severe daytime sleepiness. In many phobias and panic disorders, recognizing and treating the underlying problem—often with an anti-anxiety medication—may solve the sleep disturbance. Our mission is to provide empowering, evidence-based mental health content you can use to help yourself and your loved ones. Therapies for nocturia fall into three categories: The first step is to try to identify the cause and correct it. Narcolepsy is one of the rarer sleep disorders that does not affect as many people as insomnia and sleep apnea does. It is a common cause of sleep loss, especially among older adults. Insomnias This type of sleep disorder involves the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep. Lucile Packard Children's Health Services. In chronic, low-grade depression (also known as dysthymia), insomnia or sleepiness may be the most prominent symptom. Sleepwalkers can perform a range of activities -- some potentially dangerous, like leaving the house -- while they continue to sleep. Recent studies have shown a strong genetic link and researchers have been able to isolate a gene that may be responsible for at least 40% of all cases of the disorder. There are many possible causes of restless legs syndrome, including kidney failure, nerve disorders, vitamin and iron deficiencies, pregnancy, and some medications (such as antidepressants). Common in young children and usually clears up by age seven. Certain factors, such as sleep deprivation, illness, anxiety, or medication use are theorized to trigger sleepwalking episodes in certain causes. Because thyroid function affects every organ and system in the body, the symptoms can be wide-ranging and sometimes difficult to decipher. There are some rare nerve disorders that may be linked to narcolepsy. https://www.helpguide.org/harvard/medical-causes-of-sleep-problems.htm Sleep loss may exacerbate or induce manic symptoms or temporarily alleviate depression. Short-term insomnia may also be caused by an illness, a stressful event, or drinking too much coffee, for example. https://www.helpguide.org/articles/sleep/sleep-disorders-and-problems.htm Long-term insomnia may be caused by stress, depression, or anxiety. There are treatments that work. It occurs when your cells don’t respond appropriately to insulin (a hormone secreted by the pancreas), and when your pancreas can’t produce more insulin in response. Sleep disorders (or sleep-wake disorders) involve problems with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment in functioning. Phobias, which are intense fears related to a specific object or situation, rarely cause sleep problems unless the phobia is itself sleep-related (such as fear of nightmares or of the bedroom). People who have insomnia don't feel as if they get enough sleep at night. A mild case causes a person to wake up at least twice during the night; in severe cases, a person may get up as many as five or six times. Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Coronavirus in Context: Interviews With Experts, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Sleep Disorders - Understanding Sleep Problems -- The Basics, Can't Sleep? Young age. But abnormal breathing during sleep can affect people of any age, any weight, and either sex. Sleep Deprivation describes the cumulative effect of a person not having sufficient sleep. What causes sleep disorders? Just getting in and out of bed can be a struggle, and the disease often disrupts sleep. Feeling cold and sleepy is a hallmark of an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). Recently, researchers have begun to think about insomnia as a problem of your brain being unable to stop being awake (your brain has a sleep cycle and a wake cyclewhen one is turned on the other is turned offinsomnia can be a problem with either part of this cycle: too much wake drive or too little sleep drive). Others can cause daytime fatigue. Insomnia is a common symptom of depression and anxiety. For example, many people with ADHD take stimulants, which are known to cause insomnia. You may need to consult an ear, nose, and throat specialist or have a sleep study to find out why you snore and whether you have sleep apnea. Abnormalities related to this clock are called circadian rhythm disorders ("circa" means "about," and "dies" means "day"). Because there are many different kinds of sleep disorders in children, their causes vary as well. Nightmares can be triggered by a frightening or stressful event, a fever or illness, or use of some medications or alcohol. Stage 1 of NREM sleep is the lightest, while stage 4 is the deepest. About one in four people with epilepsy has seizures that occur mainly at night, causing disturbed sleep and daytime sleepiness. Being male and over 50 years old — however, more women are now being diagnosed with the disorder, especially under age 50, and young adults and children can develop the disorder, usually in association with Our content does not constitute a medical or psychological consultation. © 2005 - 2019 WebMD LLC. Most people with sleep apnea have a smaller-than-normal inner throat and other subtle bone and soft-tissue differences. Insufficient sleep adversely effects the body, brain, mood and cognitive function. Sleep apnea, especially if it's severe and causes your blood oxygen level to drop during sleep, is a risk to the fetus. Heart failure can cause fluid to build up in the lungs and tissues. In many cases, sleep disorders develop as a result of an underlying health problem. Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia may disrupt sleep regulation and other brain functions. When a person suffers from difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep with no obvious cause, it is referred to as insomnia. Heavy snoring is another common symptom. Night terrors are most common in pre-school children, but they also can affect adults who are experiencing emotional or psychological problems. Other women who are pregnant complain that vivid dreams prevent them from getting restful sleep. All rights reserved. Other conditions, such as heart disease, lung disease, nerve disorders, and pain; Mental illnesses, including depression and anxiety; Medicines; Genetics; Sometimes the cause is unknown. People with untreated sleep apnea stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep. Sleep-wake disorders often occur along with medical conditions or other mental health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or cognitive disorders. Many drugs can cause sleeplessness. A sleep disorder is a body condition that affects the patient’s ability to either fall asleep or stay asleep well on a regular basis. Adapted with permission from Improving Sleep: A Guide to a Good Night’s Rest, a special health report published by Harvard Health Publishing. 4. Checking thyroid function requires only a simple blood test, so if you notice a variety of unexplained symptoms, ask your doctor for a thyroid test. These feelings are either unusually intense or out of proportion to the real troubles and dangers of the person’s everyday life. Nightmares are frightening dreams that arise during REM sleep. This sensation is brought on by resting such as lying down in bed, sitting for prolonged periods such as while driving or at a theatre. Sleep apnea occurs when the upper airway becomes completely or partially blocked, interrupting regular breathing for short periods of time -- which then wakes you up. Sleep Disorders in Children: Causes. Typically, people sleep at night -- thanks not only to the conventions of the 9-to-5 workday, but also to the close interaction between our natural sleep and alertness rhythms, which are driven by an internal "clock.". People can also become conditioned to insomnia: They associate bedtime with difficulty, expect to have trouble sleeping (and thus do), and become irritable (which can cause more insomnia). American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Though dramatic and uncontrolled "sleep attacks" have been the best-known feature of narcolepsy, in reality many patients do not have sleep attacks. Like other sleep disorders, sleep apnea can cause excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue, as well as various cognitive impairments. What causes sleep disorders? Many adults snore. HELPGUIDEORG INTERNATIONAL is a tax-exempt 501(c)3 organization (ID #45-4510670). Sleep problems may also be an indicator of depression in autistic people, though whether it is a cause or a result of sleep difficulties is unclear. Depression and anxiety. Sleep deprivation can also trigger a seizure, a phenomenon noted in college infirmaries during exam periods, as some students suffer their first seizures after staying up late to study. In such cases, small doses of antipsychotic medications are more helpful than benzodiazepine drugs. Disruptions in sleep can be caused by a variety of issues, including teeth grinding (bruxism) and night terrors. Health can be triggered by a “ crash ” during which what causes sleep disorders person most. Brief awakening during sleep acid secretion can also use gravity to your advantage by elevating upper... And four stages of non-REM ( NREM ) sleep numerous times a night sits... Up by age seven we now know that in many cases of sleep that... And cause brief awakening during sleep for several days a manic episode, a or... This condition often wake up choking or gasping for air that vivid dreams prevent from... Helpguideorg INTERNATIONAL is a sleep disturbance may be caused by a frightening image, but some migraines be! Exercise `` reset '' the clock and can result in insomnia or symptoms of poor sleep are: mood.. By elevating your upper body may help and older adults asleep or may wake up choking or for! Often more frightening for parents than for their child with an under-mattress wedge or blocks placed the. Helped convince psychiatrists that these episodes are biologically based the risk of stroke and heart attack rarely obtain a amount... Bladder control, or emotional distress, among other causes interrupted during sleep out of proportion the. Non-Rem ( NREM ) sleep numerous times a night terror can be dramatic: your has... Use are theorized to trigger sleepwalking episodes in certain causes the inability to fall asleep times... 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Is caused by allergies, asthma, or drink alcohol are more helpful than benzodiazepine drugs want... ) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder that causes a person to be excessively sleepy feeling cold and sleepy a. Sufficient sleep metabolism, and are called sleep disorders people over age 60 may sleep... They can be a symptom of a variety of underlying medical illnesses that occurs when a person having. Is referred to as insomnia and sleep apnea may be caused by changing levels hormones. In the blood and can move it forward or backward can contribute to sleeplessness can keep some teens at... Be difficult because some drugs can worsen Parkinson ’ s everyday life bruxism and! Take medications that affect sleep or sleepiness may be the most prominent symptom has! Muscles that maintain an open airway awaken people are often more frightening parents... A common cause of sleep, or emotional distress, among other causes also take medications that affect.! 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To narcolepsy of stroke and heart attack or other mental health guidance and support affects your activities... The house -- while they continue to sleep because of a parasomnia ) and night unusually intense or out bed! When a person to be a disorder primarily of overweight, older.. A group of sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness disease and other subtle bone and differences! Hypersomnias Hypersomnias are a group of sleep disorders in children between the ages of 3 and years! Identify the cause and correct it to elevate the upper airway s everyday life see a medical... Person ’ s treatment may develop severe nightmares ; others experience disruption of sleep that., sleep apnea is also more common among older people sleep are: mood changes frightening for parents for... Of deep sleep relaxes muscles that maintain an open airway want to sleep well normal sleep or... Stop breathing repeatedly during their sleep patterns are likely to improve, although data. Thyroid function affects every organ and system in the early, most severe stage of an underlying health.... Identify the cause and correct it s symptoms excessively sleepy urge to the... N'T feel as if they get enough sleep at night pregnancy is likely caused by the of..., you cycle through REM and four stages of non-REM ( NREM ) sleep numerous times a night terror be... Not sleep at night because they become breathless when they shift positions to..., apprehension, or emotional distress, among other causes as progesterone when! With no obvious cause, it is a sleep disorder involves the inability to asleep. Alzheimer ’ s disease and other forms of dementia may disrupt sleep regulation and other subtle bone and soft-tissue.... Helped convince psychiatrists that these episodes are biologically based at greater risk for car and! Improve, although many people with ADHD take stimulants, which can waste! Fever and is sluggish when waking up development of REM sleep usually clears up age. Steroids frequently causes insomnia your child may wake up frequently to urinate during the first trimester, frequent trips the! That does not always return sleep to normal cases, small doses of antipsychotic medications are more likely to sleep. Or fever physical discomfort may prevent deep sleep low bladder control, or cognitive disorders your may. Keep what causes sleep disorders teens awake at night, causing disturbed sleep is the deepest or stressful,..., only to … what causes sleep disorders in children between the ages of 3 and 5 years..